Oxytetracycline is active against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria – Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Gram-negative bacteria – Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bordetella pertussis, Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Anaerobic bacteria – Clostridium spp. ., against Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycoplasma spp., Spirochaetaceae.
Oxytetracycline penetrates into microorganisms by passive diffusion and active transport, which requires energy supply. As a result, the intracellular concentration of the drug becomes much higher than the extracellular one.
Inside the cell, oxytetracycline binds reversibly to the receptors of the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking the association of aminoacyl-tRNA with the acceptor site of the ribosomal-matrix complex. This prevents the incorporation of new amino acids into the peptide chain under construction and disrupts protein synthesis.
The selectivity of action in relation to protein synthesis by microorganisms is explained by the low ability of mammalian cells to concentrate tetracyclines.
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