Levetiracetamum is a derivative of pyrrolidone (S-enantiomer of alpha-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine-acetamide), whose chemical structure differs from known antiepileptic drugs.
In vitro studies have shown that levetiracetam affects intraneuronal Ca2+ levels by partially inhibiting the current through N-type Ca2+ channels and reducing the release of Ca2+ from intraneuronal stores. It also partially reverses the inhibition of GABA- and glycine-regulated current caused by the action of zinc and Ξ²-carbolines. The binding site is synaptic vesicle protein 2A, which is involved in vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release.
Levetiracetam provides anticonvulsant protection in a wide range of partial and primary generalized seizure models without providing anticonvulsant effects.
The activity of the drug has been confirmed both in relation to focal and generalized epileptic seizures (epileptiform manifestations/photoparoxysmal reaction).
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